Development in Animation

Pioneers:Joseph Plateau (phenakitoscope)
Animation started in 1832 when a famous pioneer Joseph Plateau and his sons introduced the spindle viewer. This was the first invention to demonstrate the illusion of a moving image. To show this he used counter rotating disks with repeating drawn images in small increments of motion on one and regularly spaced slits in the other. This was a very clever and useful invention and has managed to get us where we are today with animation.

William HornerWilliam George Horner was a British mathematician; he was a schoolmaster, headmaster and school keper, proficient in classics as well as mathematics who wrote extensively on functional equations, number theory and approximation theory, but also on opics. He invented the Zoetrope however it didn't become popular until the 1860's. The zoetrope worked on the same principles as the phenakitoscope by using rotating disks with repeating drawn images in smallincrements of motion on one and regularly spaced slits in the other.

Emile Reynaud (praxinoscope)

Charles-Émile Reynaud was a French science teacher, responsible for the first projected animated cartoon films. Reynaud created the Praxinoscope in 1877 and the Theater Optique in December 1888, and on 28 October 1892 he projected the first animated film in public, Pauvre Pierrot, at the Musée Grévin in Paris. This film is also notable as the first known instance of film perforations being used. The Praxinoscope. incorporates the principle of William George Horner's Zoetrope that used a removable strip printed in a series of 12 drawings that makeup a cyclical movement. This strip is placed inside a drum rotating about an axis used as a base. Émile Reynaud added into the drum, on the same axis, a cylinder on which are arranged 12 facets of mirrors that each reflect a drawing. A candlestick with a lampshade is placed on top of it. This allows the animation to be seen by several people at onetime. 

Edward MuybridgeEadweard 

James Muybridge was an English photographer important for his pioneering work in photographic studies of motion and in motion-picture projection.Muybridge is known for his pioneering work on animal locomotion in 1877 and 1878, which used multiple cameras to capture motion in stop-action photographs, and his zoopraxiscope, a device for projecting motion pictures that pre-dated the flexible perforated film strip used in cinematography.

Lumier brothers

Auguste and Louis Lumiere were the earliest filmmakers in history. Auguste Louis Lumiere developed a camer that was used to create the world's first public film screening on December 28, 1895. The showing of approximately ten s hort films lasting only twenty minutes in total. It was held in the basement lounge of the Grand Cafe on the Boulevard des Capucines in Paris and would be the very first public demonstration of their device they called the Cinematograph which effectively functioned as camera, projector and printer all in one.

George Pal

George Pal born György Pál Marczincsak, was a Hungarian-born American animator and film producer, was very well known for his, principally associated with the science fiction genre. He worked at UFA Studios in Berlin where he became head of the cartoon department. Then, he set up his own film studio elsewhere in Berlin. His credentials attracted orders from companies for animated advertising. Instead of the cartoon approach George developed his own take on making inanimate objects move, even dance, using the still evolving art of stop-motion photography. Some examples of Advertisements he did was for instance, Overstolz cigarettes, outfitted with faces, arms, and legs, were shown on theater screens strutting and singing as if drawn by a cartoonist. These "puppets" without strings would later evolve into animated characters made of wood who would have names and star in their own films.
 George played a massive part in developing animation. He has turned drawn animation and made it look as though its real live. By him creating this has developed animation to where it is today. Without George we wouldn’t have the high tech animation that we have now days. He  an inspiration who inspired many people; his work triggered a new ear in animation.

Dickson

Dickson developed a viewer for the films, which was called a kinetoscope. You can see from the picture that one person could only use it at a time. This did this by looking through the viewing piece at the top of the box. The film ran backwards and forwards round a series of pulleys, and was held as a continuous loop, so that it could be watched over and over again without rewinding. This was a massive jump in technoldy as it was a lot more high tech and allowed people to start viewing longer more advanced animation clips.

Thompson Edison
Thomas Edison was the first person successfully to demonstrate moving pictures to the public. He designed this camera that was called the kinetograph. It used rolls of film about 35mm wide, and these film strips carried rows of holes down the sides to allow the film to be pulled through the camera at an even rate. These rows of holes still appear on both cinema film and films for use in ordinary cameras.





Developers


Wills O’Brien


Willis Harold O'Brien was an Irish American motion picture special effects and stop-motion animation pioneer, who according to ASIFA-Hollywood "was responsible for some of the best-known images in cinema history," and is best remembered for his work on The Lost World (1925), King Kong (1933) and Mighty Joe Young (1949), for which he won the 1950 Academy Award for Best Visual Effects. He started with introducing his models in animated shorts and in the original dinosaur movie. In the 1925's The Lost World, O'Brien gave American filmmakers new latitude in creatingmonstrous fantasies. He was remembered as the father of "stop-motion" animation. By him inventing and introduction animation into films inspired many animators who have now invent very cleaver was to introduce animation into films.




Ray Harryhausen


Raymond Frederick "Ray" Harryhausen (born June 29, 1920) is an American visual effects creator, writer and producer. He created a brand of stop-motion model animation known as Dynamation. Ray made his name by developing fantastic stories and creatures based on legends and mythology and creating a unique genre of fan tasty films during the 1950s, 60s and 70s that took into the movie-making world. His work hit the public, by storm. Someone one who was inspired by Raymond was Ray Harryhausen, he inspired him, as he was the beacon in today’s fantasy filmmakers as the creator who inspired them and made the impossible possible. Without Raymond we wouldn’t have the in-depth model making and ideas that inspired many animators. He took model making to the next level. He was an inspiration, without his work we wouldn’t have the animation that we have today. He designed some intriguing models, that was way out of some peoples leagues. His models was so in-depth they look so surreal which benefited the films as they made them more believable.